From the Commentary on the IRC.
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P2603.5 Pipes through footings or foundation walls. Any pipe that passes under a footing or through a foundation wall shall be provided with a relieving arch; or there shall be built into the masonry wall a pipe sleeve two pipe sizes greater than the pipe passing through.
(Commentary)
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Any pipe installed within or under a footing or foundation wall must be protected structurally from any transferred loading from the foundation wall or footing. A relieving arch or a pipe sleeve can be used to provide this protection. Where a sleeve is used, it must be two pipe sizes larger than the enclosed pipe. This space will allow for differential movement of the pipe. See Commentary Figure P2603.5.
Attached as drawings from the Commentary.