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Thread: Water pipe bond

  1. #1
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    Default Water pipe bond

    Isnt the water pipe bond (GEC) supposed to be within 5' of pipe as it enters the structure?

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  2. #2
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    Default Re: Water pipe bond

    Quote Originally Posted by Marc Mazza View Post
    Isnt the water pipe bond (GEC) supposed to be within 5' of pipe as it enters the structure?
    Bonding is different than grounding. What you have pictured is the bonding between the water lines and the gas lines. Very common.

    Mike


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    Default Re: Water pipe bond

    Fantastic, thanks mike. Sorry, but I posted the wrong picture. i will re post.


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    Default Re: Water pipe bond

    Quote Originally Posted by Marc Mazza View Post
    Isnt the water pipe bond (GEC) supposed to be within 5' of pipe as it enters the structure?
    Yes. It has been that way for a number of years. However, I am not sure that was always the case. I just glanced in my 1965 NEC and could not find any specifics. Might be there, but I could not find it.

    I am not sure why that requirement. Bonding would work just as well at the water heater or any other location. The only reason that I can think of is for easy identification by the inspector. That way he/she does not need to search around for it.

    What is missing from the posted picture is the hot/cold bond. The previous post indicates that the gas is bonded, but I do not see it in this pic. Did you change pics?

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    Default Re: Water pipe bond

    The requirement for the grounding electrode conductor to be attached to the incoming (metallic) water line, within 5' of the point of entrance was new in the 2002 NEC.

    The reason of using the first 5' is based on people replacing a peice of the copper piping with plastic.
    The purpose of this means of grounding is not so much to bond the piping but rather to use the underground metallic pipe as a grounding electrode ( much like a ground rod)

    Lets say that the point of attchment is at the water heater. The homeowner then fixes a leak by installing a short piece of plastic piping. This fix is between the water heater and where the water pipe enters the structure. You have just lost the water pipe as a grounding electrode

    The requirement is not so the inspector can locate it. If an inspector can not locate it , they should require the contractor to be present and to show them the connection. Trust me this has happened


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    Default Re: Water pipe bond

    Quote Originally Posted by Gunnar Alquist View Post
    Yes. It has been that way for a number of years. However, I am not sure that was always the case. I just glanced in my 1965 NEC and could not find any specifics. Might be there, but I could not find it.
    This is not correct since he specifically asked about a water bond.
    There is NO requirement that a water pipe bond be made within 5'. That requirement is ONLY if the water pipe in question also being used as a grounding electrode. THEN the 5' rule applies.

    Quote Originally Posted by Gunnar Alquist View Post
    I am not sure why that requirement. Bonding would work just as well at the water heater or any other location. The only reason that I can think of is for easy identification by the inspector. That way he/she does not need to search around for it.
    See above.
    The water bond is only required to be accessible.

    Quote Originally Posted by Gunnar Alquist View Post
    What is missing from the posted picture is the hot/cold bond.
    There is no such requirement. Hot pipes are inherently bonded through mixing valves and other parts of the system. There is NO requirement for an external intentional bonding jumper.


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    Default Re: Water pipe bond

    Speedy makes a good point.
    The original post does say water bond
    BUT...

    The original post also states GEC as in Grounding Electrode Conductor.

    Now we need some clarification on the original post, Just which is it he is asking about? Is he asking about Bonding the water pipes or asking about the connection of the Grounding Electrode Conductor ?
    He does mention the rule of requiring the GEC to within 5' of the entrance of the water line into the strucutre, this and the mention of the GEC leads one to think he is talking about the service grounding using the incoming metallic water line.

    This why it is so very important that people use the correct terminology

    Last edited by ken horak; 02-06-2011 at 09:43 AM.

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    Default Re: Water pipe bond

    Quote Originally Posted by ken horak View Post
    The original post does say water bond
    BUT...

    The original post also states GEC as in Grounding Electrode Conductor.
    LOL, good point. I glanced right over that.


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    Default Re: Water pipe bond

    All "metallic systems" in a home that are capable of being energized are required to be bonded to the grounding system. This is usually taken to mean: metallic water supply, metallic drain-waste-vent pipe, metal ducting, gas lines, and sometimes metallic structural elements (eg: metal framing systems).

    The rationale for this is simple: if somehow a hot conductor contacts a water pipe, say, you don't want every plumbing fixture in your home to become live. The bonding attempts to ensure that you have a low resistance path to the ground system at the panel, and thence to the neutral - ensuring that this ground fault is stopped by a breaker or fuse tripping. Remember that this is independent of the grounding electrode system's conductivity.

    Our National Electric Code requires that each electrically isolated section of metallic water pipe must be jumpered (bonded) together. This means that you are required to provide a jumper wire that bypasses the main water meter (especially if you're using the water supply line as a grounding electrode), and a jumper between hot and cold if the water heater is an electrical insulator. The National Electric Code for example, also requires that the frame of your clothes washer be bonded to the cold water supply pipe.

    Ref: NEC 2008 – 250.104

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    Default Re: Water pipe bond

    There is no requirement for an additional external jumper from hot to cold, nor is there a requirement for a jumper to a gas pipe.


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    Default Re: Water pipe bond

    Quote Originally Posted by Speedy Petey View Post
    There is no requirement for an additional external jumper from hot to cold, nor is there a requirement for a jumper to a gas pipe.
    On the hot/cold, that would be up to interpretation. Around here, the AHJ requres hot/cold bonding because they view the hot and cold as separate water systems.

    (A) Metal Water Piping. The metal water piping system
    shall be bonded as required in (A)(l), (A)(2), or (A)(3) of
    this section. The bonding jumper(s) shall be installed in
    accordance with 250.64(A), (B), and (E). The points of
    attachment of the bonding jumper(s) shall be accessible.

    (1) General. Metal water piping system(s) installed in or
    attached to a building or structure shall be bonded to the
    service equipment enclosure, the grounded conductor at the
    service, the grounding electrode conductor where of
    sufficient size, or to the one or more grounding electrodes
    used. The bonding jumper(s) shall be sized in accordance
    with Table 250.66 except as permitted in 250.104(A)(2)
    and (A)(3).


    On the gas pipe, I disagree.

    (B) Other Metal Piping. Where installed in or attached to
    a building or structure, a metal piping system(s), including
    gas piping,
    that is likely to become energized shall be
    bonded to the service equipment enclosure, the grounded
    conductor at the service, the grounding electrode conductor
    where of sufficient size, or the one or more grounding
    electrodes used. The bonding jumper( s) shall be sized in
    accordance with 250.122, using the rating of the circuit that
    is likely to energize the piping system(s). The equipment
    grounding conductor for the circuit that is likely to energize
    the piping shall be permitted to serve as the bonding
    means. The points of attachment of the bonding jumper(s)
    shall be accessible.


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    Default Re: Water pipe bond

    Quote Originally Posted by Gunnar Alquist View Post
    On the hot/cold, that would be up to interpretation. Around here, the AHJ requres hot/cold bonding because they view the hot and cold as separate water systems.

    (A) Metal Water Piping. The metal water piping system
    shall be bonded as required in (A)(l), (A)(2), or (A)(3) of
    this section. The bonding jumper(s) shall be installed in
    accordance with 250.64(A), (B), and (E). The points of
    attachment of the bonding jumper(s) shall be accessible.

    (1) General. Metal water piping system(s) installed in or
    attached to a building or structure shall be bonded to the
    service equipment enclosure, the grounded conductor at the
    service, the grounding electrode conductor where of
    sufficient size, or to the one or more grounding electrodes
    used. The bonding jumper(s) shall be sized in accordance
    with Table 250.66 except as permitted in 250.104(A)(2)
    and (A)(3).

    On the gas pipe, I disagree.

    (B) Other Metal Piping. Where installed in or attached to
    a building or structure, a metal piping system(s), including
    gas piping, that is likely to become energized shall be
    bonded to the service equipment enclosure, the grounded
    conductor at the service, the grounding electrode conductor
    where of sufficient size, or the one or more grounding
    electrodes used. The bonding jumper( s) shall be sized in
    accordance with 250.122, using the rating of the circuit that
    is likely to energize the piping system(s). The equipment
    grounding conductor for the circuit that is likely to energize
    the piping shall be permitted to serve as the bonding
    means. The points of attachment of the bonding jumper(s)
    shall be accessible.
    Is that 250.64 from the 2008 NEC? I don't see where it mentions bonding the hot and cold but I could have missed it.,


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    Default Re: Water pipe bond

    Quote Originally Posted by Gunnar Alquist View Post

    On the gas pipe, I disagree.

    (B) Other Metal Piping. Where installed in or attached to
    a building or structure, a metal piping system(s), including
    gas piping,
    that is likely to become energized shall be
    bonded to the service equipment enclosure, the grounded
    conductor at the service, the grounding electrode conductor
    where of sufficient size, or the one or more grounding
    electrodes used. The bonding jumper( s) shall be sized in
    accordance with 250.122, using the rating of the circuit that
    is likely to energize the piping system(s). The equipment
    grounding conductor for the circuit that is likely to energize
    the piping shall be permitted to serve as the bonding
    means.
    The points of attachment of the bonding jumper(s)
    shall be accessible.
    You are overlooking the part I made bold and underlined.


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    Default Re: Water pipe bond

    Quote Originally Posted by Gunnar Alquist View Post
    On the hot/cold, that would be up to interpretation. Around here, the AHJ requres hot/cold bonding because they view the hot and cold as separate water systems.
    I think it is a stretch to consider the hot and cold separate systems. Just MHO.
    Then again, I have heard about how some inspectors like to make things up.


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    Default Re: Water pipe bond

    Quote Originally Posted by Speedy Petey View Post
    Then again, I have heard about how some inspectors like to make things up.
    Sorry, by this I mean AHJ's.


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    Default Re: Water pipe bond

    Quote Originally Posted by Speedy Petey View Post
    There is no such requirement. Hot pipes are inherently bonded through mixing valves and other parts of the system. There is NO requirement for an external intentional bonding jumper.
    That is debatable ... when there are no mixing valves, or when there is CPVC in the system beyond the copper, or when the risers are PVC/PB/etc ... there is no inherent bonding to the hot water pipe - and THAT IS required to be bonded, and thus if there is no evidence showing that it is bonded, then it needs a bond.

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    Default Re: Water pipe bond

    Sorry for the delay but I cant post the image that I want to use. I am trying to change its format. It's an image of a #10 bare copper running from the SEP to the middle of the garage and attached to the (recently re-piped) copper main. 10' from where it enters into the garage/structure.
    Hows the mental image?


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    Default Re: Water pipe bond

    Quote Originally Posted by Jerry Peck View Post
    That is debatable ... when there are no mixing valves, or when there is CPVC in the system beyond the copper, or when the risers are PVC/PB/etc ... there is no inherent bonding to the hot water pipe - and THAT IS required to be bonded, and thus if there is no evidence showing that it is bonded, then it needs a bond.
    Oh, I totally agree. The requirement is definitely that the pipes be bonded. It's my job to make sure that they are.
    My point was there is no express and specific requirement that there be a hot/cold jumper.


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    Default Re: Water pipe bond

    Quote Originally Posted by Speedy Petey View Post
    My point was there is no express and specific requirement that there be a hot/cold jumper.
    The state of New Jersey would disagree with you.

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    Default Re: Water pipe bond

    Quote Originally Posted by Darren Miller View Post
    The state of New Jersey would disagree with you.
    They are talking about a gas pipe bond, not a hot/cold jumper. They are referencing 250.104(B) same as in this thread. See post #13.

    If the only gas appliance is a water heater with no electric then yes, a bond, or bonding jumper, is required.


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    Default Re: Water pipe bond

    State of Mi sent our Building Dept a notice to require bonding the csst when installed, at the connector (not the pipe itself obviously) or the gas pipe immediately ahead of the connection.

    The manufacturers are also requiring this, so, 110.3(b) says....


  22. #22
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    Default Re: Water pipe bond

    NC requires the gas piping to be bonded at the gas meter when csst is used in the system.


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    Default Re: Water pipe bond


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    Default Re: Water pipe bond

    I suspect we are talking apples and oranges Speedy? Bonding – 2009 IRC E36-9.6 & 3609.7 – NEC 1999 250.104 – 2008 250.104 - NEC 1987 250.80 all basically say the same. In California home inspectors write-up lack of boding at the metal water & gas piping at the water heater every day. The main reason for the jumper between the hot & cold water supply piping is due to the water heater usually has dielectric unions installed at the water heater tank’s nipples to help prevent corrosion, which of course interrupts the bond.

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    Default Re: Water pipe bond

    Quote Originally Posted by Speedy Petey View Post
    You are overlooking the part I made bold and underlined.
    I guess I am not sure I understand exactly what that sentence means. If it refers to the ECG from a furnace (or gas range/cook top), then I think I get it. However, I frequently see NM lying over gas pipe in an attic. I would assume that this could energize the gas piping, should the NM sheathing and insulation become damaged. This may not be "likely to energize the piping", but I seen rodent gnawed NM in attics frequently enough that I would think that it is possible and bonding would be a requirement.

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    Default Re: Water pipe bond

    If I may, I would like to hijack this thread. This is sort of related and I did not feel like beginning another.

    Home today had a solar photovoltaic system on the roof. The inverter had its own grounding electrode (ground rod). The feeder from the inverter to the service equipment had a grounding conductor. The home was (presumably) grounded with a concrete encased electrode (ufer).

    My understanding is that if more than one grounding electrode is used, they must be bonded together. Is an additional bond required or is the grounding conductor that they used sufficient? I do not recall the size of the wire, but since the circuit breaker is 35 amp, I would guess a #8. Should a #6 be used?

    An unrelated question regards the circuit breaker in the service equipment for the PV system. Since the breaker is backfed, it should be secured. Am I correct?

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    Default Re: Water pipe bond

    Gunnar, read the underlined portion. The gas piping is already considered bonded by the EGC run in the circuit.

    (B) Other Metal Piping. Where installed in or attached to
    a building or structure, a metal piping system(s),
    including
    gas piping,
    that is likely to become energized shall be
    bonded to the service equipment enclosure, the grounded
    conductor at the service, the grounding electrode conductor
    where of sufficient size, or the one or more grounding
    electrodes used. The bonding jumper( s) shall be sized in
    accordance with 250.122, using the rating of the circuit that
    is likely to energize the piping system(s).
    The equipment
    grounding conductor for the circuit that is likely to energize
    the piping shall be permitted to serve as the bonding
    means.
    The points of attachment of the bonding jumper(s)
    shall be accessible.



  28. #28
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    Default Re: Water pipe bond

    250.104 does not say you have to bond the hot to the cold water line at a water heater. Not sure where this information is coming from unless it is a state requirement. Also most water heaters do not need dialectic unions unless galvanized piping is installed...which is rare these days.


  29. #29
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    Default Re: Water pipe bond

    Quote Originally Posted by James Duffin View Post
    250.104 does not say you have to bond the hot to the cold water line at a water heater. Not sure where this information is coming from unless it is a state requirement. Also most water heaters do not need dialectic unions unless galvanized piping is installed...which is rare these days.

    The water lines are bonded back to the panel. No jumper to the hot side and the hot water pipes do not get bonded back to the panel. Water pipes should never be used as a ground as at any time the lines in the ground could be pulled out and non ferrous pipes installed. Whether it is code in your srea or not to have copper to the home anyone can change it out. It may not be changed out by a plumber that may know what he is doing.

    If there is no ground rod in older homes I inspect and there is just the water lines being used as a ground I write it up every time as the ground rod not installed.


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    Default Re: Water pipe bond

    Quote Originally Posted by Jim Port View Post
    Gunnar, read the underlined portion. The gas piping is already considered bonded by the EGC run in the circuit.[/FONT]
    Jim,

    Yes, I did understand that part. The part that I do not understand is how do I know which circuit is "likely to energize the gas piping"? Is it the one that is connected to the furnace, cook-top or range? Or, is it the cable that is resting on the gas pipe in the attic? If the appliance, then I understand. If it is the cable in the attic, then I do not. My sticking point is the word "likely". Logically speaking, an insulated cable is not "likely" to energize a pipe. But as I said, I do see rodent damaged cable sheathing and wire insulation in attics occasionally. Maybe the codes are not planning on this type of damage.

    Nonetheless, as has been said, in CA, bonding is installed on the gas piping (generally adjacent to the meter), on the cold water supply piping, and a jumper is provided between the cold/hot at the water heater. CA uses the 2008 NEC, and I do not believe that it has been edited/changed.

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    Default Re: Water pipe bond

    Quote Originally Posted by Speedy Petey View Post
    My point was there is no express and specific requirement that there be a hot/cold jumper.
    Actually, the requirement is the reverse of what you are saying: the requirement is to bond it ... unless one proves it is bonded through other parts of the system.

    Think of it as installing a driven ground rod ... you will be installing a supplemental second ground rod *unless* you prove that the first ground rod has less than 25 ohms to ground. Only in this case you are bonding the interior metal water piping system - cold *and* hot, unless you prove the hot is bonded through interconnections of the piping system.

    Maybe I was from Missouri in a former life, but "show me" it is (either the ground rod has 25 ohms or less to ground, or, the hot piping is bonded through the cold piping).

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    Default Re: Water pipe bond

    Quote Originally Posted by Jim Port View Post
    Gunnar, read the underlined portion. The gas piping is already considered bonded by the EGC run in the circuit.
    (B) Other Metal Piping. Where installed in or attached to
    a building or structure, a metal piping system(s),
    including
    gas piping,
    that is likely to become energized shall be
    bonded to the service equipment enclosure, the grounded
    conductor at the service, the grounding electrode conductor
    where of sufficient size, or the one or more grounding
    electrodes used. The bonding jumper( s) shall be sized in
    accordance with 250.122, using the rating of the circuit that
    is likely to energize the piping system(s).
    The equipment
    grounding conductor for the circuit that is likely to energize
    the piping shall be permitted to serve as the bonding
    means.
    The points of attachment of the bonding jumper(s)
    shall be accessible.
    Okay, now taking Gunnar's example of the NM cable in the attic ... define:
    [quote]the circuit that is likely to energize the piping[/quote]

    The equipment grounding conductor for THAT CIRCUIT "shall be permitted to serve as the bonding means", and how does the equipment grounding conductor for THAT CIRCUIT get connected to the gas pipe to be used for that bonding?

    I'm looking at a new construction house trying to determine *which* of the circuits may be "the circuit that is likely to energize the piping" and use to determine the size of the bonding conductor.

    Currently, a #12 AWG bonding conductor was attached to the rigid piping to which the CSST is connected to and the #12 bonding conductor was then run back to the panel.

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    Default Re: Water pipe bond

    This answers my question, and that of others regarding bonding of CSST. This is from the updated 08/2010 Design and Installation Guide for Gastite CSST: (note: the larger bold type is in the Design and Installation Guide, I have highlighted with red)

    The piping is permanently and directly connected to the electrical service equipment enclosure, the grounded conductor at the electrical service, the grounding electrode conductor (where of sufficient size) or to one or more of the grounding electrodes used. For single and multi-family structures, a
    single bond connectionshall be made downstream of the individual gas meter for each housing unit and upstream of any CSST connection. The bonding conductor shall be no smaller than a 6 AWG copper wire or equivalent. The bonding jumper shall be attached in an approved manner in accordance with NEC Article 250.70 and the point of attachment for the bonding jumper shall be accessible. Bonding/grounding clamps shall be installed in accordance with its listing per UL 467 and shall make metal-to-metal contact with the piping. This bond is in addition to any other bonding requirements as specified by local codes.


    That tells WHERE the bonding jumper is to be connected.

    That also tells the MINIMUM SIZE the bonding jumper is required to be.

    And that tells us that those requirements are IN ADDITION TO the requirements of other codes, which would include the NEC.



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  34. #34
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    Default Re: Water pipe bond

    Quote Originally Posted by Ted Menelly View Post
    The water lines are bonded back to the panel. No jumper to the hot side and the hot water pipes do not get bonded back to the panel. Water pipes should never be used as a ground as at any time the lines in the ground could be pulled out and non ferrous pipes installed. Whether it is code in your srea or not to have copper to the home anyone can change it out. It may not be changed out by a plumber that may know what he is doing.

    If there is no ground rod in older homes I inspect and there is just the water lines being used as a ground I write it up every time as the ground rod not installed.
    If you attach copper pipes to a steel hot water tank you don;t need the jumper. If you have a fiberglass or plastic tank you would need the jumper.


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    Default Re: Water pipe bond

    If U have not clicked on the link I provided earlier, here is the exact link:
    http://www.gastite.com/include/langu.../TB2010-01.pdf


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    Default Re: Water pipe bond

    Quote Originally Posted by James Duffin View Post
    If you attach copper pipes to a steel hot water tank you don;t need the jumper. If you have a fiberglass or plastic tank you would need the jumper.
    Fair enough, except that in CA (where the earth moves... under my feet... sorry), most of the water heaters that I see are connected with flexible connectors (for obvious reasons). These generally have a dielectric fitting where they attach to the water heater.

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  37. #37
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    Default Re: Water pipe bond

    I concere....it sounds like a regional issue then.


  38. #38
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    Default Re: Water pipe bond

    Quote Originally Posted by bob smit View Post
    If U have not clicked on the link I provided earlier, here is the exact link:
    http://www.gastite.com/include/langu.../TB2010-01.pdf
    I read that....in NC we are required to bond the gas piping at the meter. It has nothing to do with the water lines.


  39. #39
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    Default Re: Water pipe bond

    Quote Originally Posted by bob smit View Post
    If U have not clicked on the link I provided earlier, here is the exact link:
    http://www.gastite.com/include/langu.../TB2010-01.pdf

    Bob,

    That technical bulletin is superseded by the Design and Installation Guide I quoted from as the technical bulletin has an older date of publication than does the Design and Installation Guide.

    Hard to keep up with rapid changes when things like that bonding happen and then change until they think they get it right ... until they find a different way to make it 'right'.

    Jerry Peck
    Construction/Litigation/Code Consultant - Retired
    www.AskCodeMan.com

  40. #40
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    Default Re: Water pipe bond

    Right on J.P., the link I found is not even the one the MI Electrical Division sent my department stating that the bond connection to be on the fitting or just in front of the fitting (upstream).
    The point I was desperately trying to make... in addition to any local requirement: Manf-spec's in installation are still required per 110.3(b).


  41. #41
    James Duffin's Avatar
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    Default Re: Water pipe bond

    Here is what NC requires> It sounds like MI is different.

    SECTION 310 (IFGS)
    ELECTRICAL BONDING
    310.1 Gas pipe bonding. Each above-ground portion of a gas
    piping system that is likely to become energized shall be electrically continuous and bonded to an effective ground-fault current path. Gas piping shall be considered to be bondedwhere it is connected to appliances that are connected to the equipment grounding conductor of the circuit supplying that appliance.


    NEW CSST RULE!

    The effective date of this Rule is December 1, 2009.
    The Statutory authority for Rule-making is G. S. 143-136; 143-138.


    2009 NC Fuel Gas Code
    310.2 CSST Bonding. (090310 Item B-2)

    310.2 CSST Bonding. CSST Gas piping systems shall be bonded to the electrical service grounding electrode system at the point where the gas service enters the building. The bonding jumper shall not be smaller than 6 AWG copper wire or equivalent.



  42. #42
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    Default Re: Water pipe bond

    Also most water heaters do not need dialectic unions unless galvanized piping is installed...which is rare these days.[/QUOTE]

    James, the CW dip tube and HW outlet piping is galvanized metal at least 99% of the water heaters I've seen. The dielectric fittings they put on them is to resist corrosion, but also in effect blocks any bonding in place, hence - the bonding jumper.

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    Jerry McCarthy
    Building Code/ Construction Consultant

  43. #43
    James Duffin's Avatar
    James Duffin Guest

    Default Re: Water pipe bond

    Quote Originally Posted by Jerry McCarthy View Post
    Also most water heaters do not need dialectic unions unless galvanized piping is installed...which is rare these days.

    James, the CW dip tube and HW outlet piping is galvanized metal at least 99% of the water heaters I've seen. The dielectric fittings they put on them is to resist corrosion, but also in effect blocks any bonding in place, hence - the bonding jumper.
    They are dielectric nipples.....not galvanized.


  44. #44
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    Default Re: Water pipe bond

    James

    It would be a swell idea if you read my post before responding, thank you.

    As I said; the CW dip tube and HW outlet piping is galvanized metal at least 99% of the water heaters I've seen - AND one of the main reasons for sacrificial anodes.

    Jerry McCarthy
    Building Code/ Construction Consultant

  45. #45
    James Duffin's Avatar
    James Duffin Guest

    Default Re: Water pipe bond

    So we agree? amazing!


  46. #46
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    Default Re: Water pipe bond

    Mr Gunner, Here is an image I took today. This is the water heater.

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  47. #47
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    Default Re: Water pipe bond

    Now that's what I'm talkin' about.

    Department of Redundancy Department
    Supreme Emperor of Hyperbole
    http://www.FullCircleInspect.com/

  48. #48
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    Default Re: Water pipe bond

    Wow...here ya go Gunnar. Another one.

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