Results 1 to 14 of 14
  1. #1
    Acorn Home's Avatar
    Acorn Home Guest

    Default First Question: Neutral on Sub Panel

    First of all, great site. Lots of good questions/answers here.

    I just finished taking the course by AHIT. It was good, but have some unanswered questions. Here is the one I am particularly confused about:

    "The neutral wire must be isolated for the sub-panel (Wire cannot come into contact with the panel)" - WHY?

    If it's allowed in the main panel, why not in the sub-panel? I have seen lots of electrician 'bond' the neutral bus to the sub-panel via a strap. Are they all wrong?

    TIA

    Similar Threads:
    Last edited by Acorn Home; 09-02-2008 at 06:57 PM.
    Crawl Space Creeper

  2. #2
    Join Date
    Mar 2007
    Location
    Fletcher, NC
    Posts
    28,032

    Default Re: First Question: Neutral on Sub Panel

    Hey Acorn, please click on the 'Contact Us' at the bottom of the page and ask Brian to reset your user name to your real name.

    That's what we use here, as you have seen on the other posts, helps get to know each other.

    Thanks.

    Jerry Peck
    Construction/Litigation/Code Consultant - Retired
    www.AskCodeMan.com

  3. #3
    Join Date
    Mar 2007
    Location
    Plano, Texas
    Posts
    4,245

    Default Re: First Question: Neutral on Sub Panel

    Hey Acorn, welcome aboard.
    Try using the search feature for past threads on this subject for more information, lots more information to be found.
    In general the ground is only supposed to be bonded to the neutral at the service equipment. There should not be current on the ground wires as a general practice, only in a ground fault type situation. If you connect the neutral and ground together at multiple points in the service, then the ground becomes a conductor, a bad thing.

    Jim Luttrall
    www.MrInspector.net
    Plano, Texas

  4. #4
    Acorn Home's Avatar
    Acorn Home Guest

    Default Re: First Question: Neutral on Sub Panel

    Thanks guys. I just updated my signature with my name / company that I just registered. Webiste is coming soon...


  5. #5
    Join Date
    Mar 2007
    Location
    Santa Rosa, CA
    Posts
    3,154

    Default Re: First Question: Neutral on Sub Panel

    Quote Originally Posted by Acorn Home View Post
    If it's allowed in the main panel, why not in the sub-panel? I have seen lots of electrician 'bond' the neutral bus to the sub-panel via a strap. Are they all wrong?TIA
    It is not "allowed" at the service equipment (main panel), it is required. While that is likely what you meant, there is a difference.

    Yes, if the neutral terminal is bonded to any panel other than the service equipment, then it is indeed wrong and should be corrected. Yes, you will see it regularly and you should report it.

    The neutral wire does not carry voltage, but it does carry current (amperage). If the neutral and ground are bonded together, then the ground could be carrying some of the current. But, the ground is there only as a safety/backup and is not supposed to carry current, except in rare cases where there is a fault. Therefore, neutral and ground are isolated everywhere, except in the service equipment.

    Department of Redundancy Department
    Supreme Emperor of Hyperbole
    http://www.FullCircleInspect.com/

  6. #6
    Join Date
    Mar 2007
    Location
    Fletcher, NC
    Posts
    28,032

    Default Re: First Question: Neutral on Sub Panel

    Quote Originally Posted by Acorn Home View Post
    have some unanswered questions. Here is the one I am particularly confused about:

    "The neutral wire must be isolated for the sub-panel (Wire cannot come into contact with the panel)" - WHY?

    If it's allowed in the main panel, why not in the sub-panel? I have seen lots of electrician 'bond' the neutral bus to the sub-panel via a strap. Are they all wrong?
    Welcome to THE inspectors forum.

    First, let's stop using the terms "main panel" and "sub-panel" as those are all wired the same anyway.

    Use "service equipment" and "not service equipment" (i.e, "not service equipment" is just a plain old "panel").

    As Gunnar said, the neutral is *REQUIRED* to be bonded to ground at the "service equipment". This is also where the system ground is connected (i.e., the grounding electrode system). The "service equipment" is the common point in the electrical system.

    The neutral *IS NOT ALLOWED* to be bonded to ground at any location downstream from the "service equipment".

    A simple explanation is:

    If the neutral becomes (or is intentionally) bonded to ground downstream of the service equipment, the neutral current now has multiple paths back to the service equipment.

    Equipment grounding conductors ("grounds" or "grounding conductors") are designed and installed such that their intent is to not carry any intended current. They only carry unintended ground fault current.

    Let's say you have a metal raceway serving as the grounding conductor and you have neutral current on it. None of the fittings are designed or intended to carry that current, thus there will be excessive resistance, overheating, which not only leads to various things happening, but, when you disconnect the metal raceway to make a repair, you may likely get a large arc, resulting in high voltage on one side, with you standing there holding both sides, you now become the neutral path with that voltage as the driving force across you. Best case scenario is that you only get a shock, worst case scenario is that you get electrocuted and never make it back here to tell us about it.

    Jerry Peck
    Construction/Litigation/Code Consultant - Retired
    www.AskCodeMan.com

  7. #7
    Acorn Home's Avatar
    Acorn Home Guest

    Default Re: First Question: Neutral on Sub Panel

    Thanks for the replies guys.

    If the neutral bus and ground bus are mounted to the panel via screws, doesn't that mean they are bonded?

    Sorry for the newbie questions, but electrical was never my strong point


  8. #8
    Join Date
    Mar 2007
    Location
    Fletcher, NC
    Posts
    28,032

    Default Re: First Question: Neutral on Sub Panel

    Quote Originally Posted by Acorn Home View Post
    If the neutral bus and ground bus are mounted to the panel via screws, doesn't that mean they are bonded?
    Typically, the neutral and ground bars on mounted on plastic insulator standoffs.

    The exception being those ground bars which are mounted directly to the back of the enclosure with screws.

    Neutral bars are never mounted that way ... unless the enclosure is "Suitable for Service Equipment ONLY". In which case it is not allowed to be used for anything other than service equipment.

    Jerry Peck
    Construction/Litigation/Code Consultant - Retired
    www.AskCodeMan.com

  9. #9
    Acorn Home's Avatar
    Acorn Home Guest

    Default Re: First Question: Neutral on Sub Panel

    Thanks for the replies guys. Basically, I did not know that the neutral bus is mounted on insulators.

    Anyway, here is a good site with more related info....

    Mounting And Wiring A New Sub-Panel - Old House Electrical Update


  10. #10
    Join Date
    Apr 2008
    Location
    Western Massachusetts
    Posts
    536

    Default Re: First Question: Neutral on Sub Panel

    Ah... a subsidiary panel. That would explain the "sub" in sub-panel. And here Jerry thought they were panels salvaged from submarines and sold at a discount in bog box stores.

    What the site doesn't mention and should (seeing as its level of detail and tone appear to orient it to the DIY homeowner) is that the neutral conductors should not be so long as touch the sides of the panel enclosure on models so configured. I've seen more than a few panels with 1" or more insulation stripped off of both neutral and hot conductors. I've also seen cases where not enough insulation was stripped off and the binding terminal didn't sufficiently engage the conductor, causing arcing within the panel.

    I haven't found a DIY book yet that explains in enough excruciating detail how to wire a panel without endangering your family, neighborhood, and rescue personnel. It's ironic to me that my state won't let a homeowner repack a faucet but they can rewire their entire house. Wow.


  11. #11
    Join Date
    Mar 2007
    Location
    Fletcher, NC
    Posts
    28,032

    Default Re: First Question: Neutral on Sub Panel

    Quote Originally Posted by Corn Walker View Post
    It's ironic to me that my state won't let a homeowner repack a faucet but they can rewire their entire house. Wow.

    You know how many people drown in their own homes from working on their plumbing?

    Wow! Zillions!



    Jerry Peck
    Construction/Litigation/Code Consultant - Retired
    www.AskCodeMan.com

  12. #12
    Join Date
    Mar 2007
    Location
    Fletcher, NC
    Posts
    28,032

    Default Re: First Question: Neutral on Sub Panel

    Quote Originally Posted by Corn Walker View Post
    Ah... a subsidiary panel. That would explain the "sub" in sub-panel. And here Jerry thought they were panels salvaged from submarines and sold at a discount in bog box stores.
    It came from the fact that those panels are "sub-fed" panels, fed from "other" "panels" by feeders off a breaker in those other panels, and those "sub-fed" panels can feed other panels, and, those "sub-fed" panels can also be "sub-fed" from "service equipment with panel boards in the same enclosure, i.e., "service panels".

    In fact, in many cases, the "sub-fed" panel is "the main panel" in the distribution system, becoming "the main panel".

    Nonetheless, though, *ONLY* the service equipment has a neutral bonded to the ground *whether or not* the "service equipment" includes "a panelboard" within its enclosure.

    "Sub panels" are found in "submarines".

    "Main panels" are found only in "Maine".

    Thus, if I run my "submarine panel" off my "Maine panel", I suspect my submarine is not going to get very far before I pull some wires loose and lose power.



    Jerry Peck
    Construction/Litigation/Code Consultant - Retired
    www.AskCodeMan.com

  13. #13
    Jorge Suarez's Avatar
    Jorge Suarez Guest

    Default Re: First Question: Neutral on Sub Panel

    Thanks for all the info. I see this is an old thread, but i hope someone will reply.

    I know that the sub panel need to have isolated ground and neutral. but even though they are isolated in the subpanel, both lines run back to the main panel where they do touch. so are they really isolated?


  14. #14
    Join Date
    Mar 2007
    Location
    Fletcher, NC
    Posts
    28,032

    Default Re: First Question: Neutral on Sub Panel

    Quote Originally Posted by Jorge Suarez View Post
    Thanks for all the info. I see this is an old thread, but i hope someone will reply.

    I know that the sub panel need to have isolated ground and neutral. but even though they are isolated in the subpanel, both lines run back to the main panel where they do touch. so are they really isolated?
    Jorge,

    Do a search here on "subpanels" and "sub panels" and you will find some really lively discussion regarding them, such as ... they are all "panels" and "all panels are wired the same".

    What you are really asking is, with the neutral bonded to ground AT THE SERVICE EQUIPMENT, is the neutral really isolated from ground AT THE NOT-SERVICE EQUIPMENT panels, and the answer is ... 'Yes - AT THE NOT-SERVICE EQUIPMENT panels, the neutral truly are isolated from ground.'

    The neutrals ARE ONLY BONDED TO GROUND AT ...

    ... SERVICE EQUIPMENT ...

    ... NOT AT any other panel at any other location.

    By the way, welcome aboard, but you really should be thinking in terms of "service equipment" and "not service equipment" and the latter ("not service equipment") are simply "panels".

    With that basic understanding and knowledge, then it is real easy to remember that the neutral IS ONLY bonded to ground at ... "service equipment", and if the equipment is not service equipment, but a panel, then the neutral IS NOT bonded to ground at the panel.

    Jerry Peck
    Construction/Litigation/Code Consultant - Retired
    www.AskCodeMan.com

Bookmarks

Posting Permissions

  • You may not post new threads
  • You may not post replies
  • You may not post attachments
  • You may not edit your posts
  •